@Article{RossettiTole:2007:MuAmAm,
author = "Rossetti, Dilce de F{\'a}tima and Toledo, Peter Mann de",
affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
title = "Environmental changes in Amazonia as evidenced by geological and
paleontological data. / Mudan{\c{c}}as ambientais na
Amaz{\^o}nia evidenciadas por dados geol{\'o}gicos e
paleontol{\'o}gicos",
journal = "Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia",
year = "2007",
volume = "15",
number = "2",
pages = "2251--2264",
month = "July",
keywords = "biodiversidade amaz{\^o}nica, registro sedimentar e f{\'o}ssil,
paleopaisagem, geologia hist{\'o}rica, tect{\^o}nica, Amazon
biodiversity, sedimentary and fossil record, paleolandscape,
geological history, tectonics.",
abstract = "Discuss{\~o}es focalizando a biodiversidade Amaz{\^o}nica
poderiam melhorar substancialmente se uma abordagem
multidisciplinar fosse considerada. Al{\'e}m de influ{\^e}ncias
biol{\'o}gicas, a diverg{\^e}ncia de esp{\'e}cies parece ser
fortemente motivada por tens{\~o}es no ambiente f{\'{\i}}sico.
Conseq{\"u}entemente, a reconstru{\c{c}}{\~a}o da hist{\'o}ria
geol{\'o}gica, fornecida pela an{\'a}lise de dados
sedimentol{\'o}gicos e paleontol{\'o}gicos, {\'e} crucial para
se reconstituir os cen{\'a}rios de evolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
paleopaisagens, bem como compreender seus mecanismos controladores
e a sucess{\~a}o da biota associada atrav{\'e}s do tempo.
Informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es desta natureza para a regi{\~a}o
Amaz{\^o}nica s{\~a}o ainda escassas, pontuais e dispersas na
literatura, pouco contribuindo para a an{\'a}lise dos mecanismos
que influenciaram a evolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o das esp{\'e}cies. Neste
trabalho, apresenta-se uma vis{\~a}o geral referente aos
registros sedimentares e paleontol{\'o}gicos dispon{\'{\i}}veis
para a Amaz{\^o}nia. Apesar da documenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
florestas tropicais j{\'a} em tempos pelo menos mioc{\^e}nicos,
os dados aqui reunidos levam {\`a} conclus{\~a}o de que seria
imposs{\'{\i}}vel conceber um modelo de floresta tropical
est{\'a}vel e com ac{\'u}mulo progressivo das esp{\'e}cies
desde ent{\~a}o. Pelo contr{\'a}rio, os dados sedimentares e
paleontol{\'o}gicos suportam um cen{\'a}rio muito mais complexo
para o teatro evolucion{\'a}rio amaz{\^o}nico, caracterizado por
modifica{\c{c}}{\~o}es sucessivas no ambiente f{\'{\i}}sico e
na biota associada em conseq{\"u}{\^e}ncia de mudan{\c{c}}as no
n{\'{\i}}vel relativo do mar, no clima e no comportamento
tect{\^o}nico. Embora o impacto dos primeiros dois fatores tenha
sido destacado em muitas publica{\c{c}}{\~o}es, s{\~a}o
necess{\'a}rias informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es adicionais a fim de
ressaltar a import{\^a}ncia destas mudan{\c{c}}as ambientais no
tempo geol{\'o}gico. Em particular, trabalhos recentes v{\^e}m
demonstrando cada vez mais a grande influ{\^e}ncia de
reativa{\c{c}}{\~o}es tect{\^o}nicas no desenvolvimento
din{\^a}mico dos paleoambientes cenoz{\'o}icos da Amaz{\^o}nia.
Manifesta{\c{c}}{\~o}es tect{\^o}nicas s{\~a}o registradas
at{\'e} mesmo em tempos presentes, tendo forte controle no
estabelecimento de bacias da drenagem e na
distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o de {\'a}reas inundadas e de terra firme.
Conseq{\"u}entemente, este fator, ainda n{\~a}o enfatizado
previamente em modelos biogeogr{\'a}ficos, deve ser um ponto de
grande interesse para estudos futuros enfocando a
evolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o e distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o moderna de
esp{\'e}cies amaz{\^o}nicas. ABSTRACT: Discussions focusing on
the Amazon biodiversity might be significantly improved if a
multidisciplinary approach is considered. In addition to
biological influences, species divergence seems to be strongly
motivated by stress in the physical environment. Therefore, the
reconstruction of the geological history, provided by sedimentary
and paleontological data, is crucial to provide different
scenarios of paleolandscape evolution, and understand their
controlling both mechanisms and the succession of the associated
biota through geological times. For the particular case of the
Amazonia, these data are still scarce, spotty and dispersed in the
literature, limiting the reconstruction of the mechanisms that
might have influenced species evolution. In this paper, an
overview concerning the sedimentary and paleontological records
available for Amazonia is provided. Although rainforests seem to
have been established in Amazonia since at least the Miocene, this
compilation leads to defend the hypothesis that would be
impossible to envision a stable0 environment with progressive
species accumulation through time. Sedimentary and paleontological
data support an Amazonian evolutionary theater that appears to be
much more complex, being characterized by successive changes of
the physical environment and of the associated biota as a result
of changes in relative sea level, climate and tectonics. Although
the impact of the first two factors has been highlighted in many
publications, further information must be collected in order to
fully characterize the importance of these changes over time. In
particular, recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the
great significance of tectonic reactivations in Amazonia as a
major control on development of paleoenvironments through the
Cenozoic. Tectonics seems to be acting even at the present, having
a strong control on the establishment of drainage basins and on
the distribution of flooded and terra firme areas. Therefore, this
factor, not emphasized by previous biogeographic models, should be
a point of a main concern for future studies focusing on the
evolution and modern distribution of Amazonian species.",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
issn = "2178-7875 and 0103-5657",
language = "en",
targetfile = "environmental_changes.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}